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Biology (from Greek: ß???, bio, "life"; and ?????, logos,
"knowledge") is the study of life. It is a field of empirical science that
examines the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of
living things both past and present. It classifies and describes the various
forms of organisms, how organisms function, how species come into existence, and
the interactions they have with each other and with the natural environment.
Biology includes a broad spectrum of fields that address phenomena related to
living organisms (biological phenomena), including botany, zoology and
physiology.
A vast field, biology encompasses a large number of highly specialized
disciplines. Traditionally, the specific fields within biology are very broadly
grouped by the basic type of organisms being studied:
botany, the study of plants:
zoology, the study of animals, and
microbiology, the study of microorganisms.
The fields within biology are further divided based on the scale at which
organisms are studied and the methods used to study them:
biochemistry examines the fundamental chemistry of life;
cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell;
physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues and organ
systems of an organism; and
ecology examines how various organisms interrelate.
In addition to all of the basic groupings and specialized fields within biology,
many applied fields of biology such as medicine and genetic research are more
complex and involve many additional specialized sub-disciplines.
Biology as a unified science was first developed in the nineteenth
century, as scientists discovered that all living things shared certain
fundamental characteristics and were best studied as a whole. Over a million
papers are published annually in a wide array of biology and medicine
journals,[1] and biology is a standard subject of instruction at schools and
universities around the world.Learn Biology, SCHOOLS Biology, COLLEGES Biology,
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